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[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-247 A D latch stores an input signal when the clock is high and maintains that value when the clock is low, functioning as memory, while a D flip-flop (D F/F), composed of two latches in series, outputs data only at the positive clock edge for improved stability and timing precision—albeit with increased circuit complexity and area consumption—and various logic gates like NAND, NOR, and inverters ar.. 더보기
[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-246 CMOS logic circuits utilize the complementary behavior of PMOS and NMOS transistors—where one turns on as the other turns off—to reliably transmit digital signals, with PMOS conducting well for high voltages but poorly for lows, and NMOS doing the opposite, which is why combining both in a CMOS transmission gate overcomes their individual weaknesses and ensures full-range signal transmission; th.. 더보기
[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-245 Semiconductor packaging follows wafer fabrication to protect ultra-small circuits and enable connectivity, involving steps like dicing, gold wire bonding, and encapsulation, while the behavior of capacitors, resistors, and MOSFETs can be analogized using fluid dynamics—reservoirs, valves, and pumps—where voltage and current are compared to water pressure and flow, and MOS transistors operate lik.. 더보기
[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-244 Semiconductor manufacturing involves over 100 intricate steps akin to multicolor printmaking, where layers like active regions, polysilicon, and metal interconnects are sequentially patterned onto a wafer via layout-based photolithography, etching (wet and dry), chemical vapor deposition, oxidation, doping, passivation, and pad opening, with critical components such as n-wells, p-wells, contacts.. 더보기
[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-243 PMOS is structurally similar to NMOS but uses p-type source and drain formed on an n-well within a p-type substrate, where the n-well acts as an electrical bulk to control current paths, and PMOS turns on when gate voltage is lower than the source (VGS ≤ Vₜ, around -0.6V), forming a p-type channel that conducts holes from source to drain, operating in reverse logic to NMOS, and while early PMOS .. 더보기
[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-242 In daily Korean conversation, units like kilo, mega, or giga are often used without full terms, relying on contextual understanding, which can confuse non-native speakers and create ambiguity, but in precision fields like semiconductors, strict unit clarity is essential, and SI prefixes like pico, nano, micro, and milli must be learned for their extreme magnitude range, with additional attention.. 더보기
[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-241 The history of semiconductors begins with the invention of the diode and transistor, notably in 1947 by Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain, followed by a transition from germanium to silicon as the core material, and the development of transistor types from bipolar to JFET, MOS, PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS, with initially generic terms later specified as newer technologies emerged, leading to CMOS becomin.. 더보기
[공학에 대해서]반도체 제대로 이해하기-240 In the early 60s and 70s, household electronic products were limited to radios. How ever, today we are surrounded by various electronic devices such as audio systems, TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, PCs, and phones. In the next 10 years, the ubi quitous era will arrive, where we will be surrounded by computers. Inside these ele ctronic devices, there are PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) that .. 더보기

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